Swordsmithing

Swords & Mindfulness: Delegate – Imitate – Be Patient

This is the seventh part of a eight-part interview by Carlo Cavazzuti and appeared in its original Italian version on Narrare di Storia. Swordsmithing is not a conventional job and in this piece of interview we go through some of the basic mindfulness principles we have...

This is the seventh part of a eight-part interview by Carlo Cavazzuti and appeared in its original Italian version on Narrare di Storia.

Swordsmithing is not a conventional job and in this piece of interview we go through some of the basic mindfulness principles we have learned to follow through the years.
Mindfulness is not something for alternative people or the new fashion for stress management. It’s absolutely perfect for everyone… swordsmiths included!

Q24. I have seen that your work often includes gold and precious stones, parts that are enamelled, with leather sheaths that worked, painted and embossed, as well as precious fabrics for the hilts or for the sheaths themselves. Do you make everything yourselves or are there others who help you with this?

Eleonora: As we mentioned in some answers earlier, to do this job you have to be very eclectic when it comes to working in an artistic setting. We always tried to keep things internal as much as possible, in fact, over the years we have developed different skills at multiple levels in order to be able to cover the widest range of processes possible. However, when efficiency calls, we have the moral duty to delegate to external artisans.

FIRST THINGS FIRST:
DELEGATE

There’s no shame in delegating! This is something that for a long time we avoided because the act of delegating seems to say: you’re not enough. You don’t perceive it as a noble approach, you don’t see it as appropriate for a “true artisan”. Isn’t it true?

Be honest: you can admit that you can’t win or master everything. This is the starting point to be open and grow as an individual and a professional. Our medieval ancestors knew it well, when did the world start to think otherwise?

Q25. Have you ever made a “futuristic” sword, or perhaps better said, an “unconventional” or “alternative” sword, with a completely new design from your own ideas?

Eleonora: No, never, we haven’t yet had the chance, but I would definitely like to.

SECOND:
IMITATE

We’re huge fans of Peter Johnsson’s work, as we mentioned several times. His understanding of the medieval design principles were an epiphany when we started. Following his example and work, I don’t feel comfortable affirming that the sword would be made after “our own ideas”.  Because as Mr. Johnsson demonstrated, designing and crafting a sword can only pass through the observation of nature and its rules. Humanity has deciphered some of those rules and has created a rational system through geometry and math: we’re nothing else than readers and imitators and we must live with that in mind in order to find our path.

Q27. Does current legislation regulate the “sword market” in some way? Is it part of the arms market?

Rodolfo: Yes, current legislation regulates the sword market if the swords are sharpened and therefore considered actual weapons.

Q28. Is any special permit required to be able to own/wield a sword?

Rodolfo: In Italy, if sharpened, you need a weapons license, both to own and to make them. But the legislation regarding possession of weapons, which hasn’t required that the owner report their weapon to the police since 2010, is still in discussion.

Q29. To be able to sell guns, rifles and ammunition, you need a gunsmith certificate; is it the same for swords?

Rodolfo: Yes, it is. In Italy, it’s not possible to make sharp swords since they are considered weapons, unless you take an exam and acquire a license and authorisation from the police authorities. Also various upgrades in the workshop are needed. You should also bear in mind that once this license has been acquired, all production premises must be properly equipped in accordance with the law.

THIRD:
BE PATIENT

This is something that our customers outside Italy ask so often, because in their countries strict rules like ours don’t exist. We really would like to make sharp swords in the future, but it’s a long way to the top! So we have to be patient. We started from scratch, and we made everything to afford an equipped smithy. And we’re determined to upgrade our tools and skills in the years to come. Such a great step will require time though. Nonetheless, even if our swords are blunt, we always aim to give them the most correct design and handling. Is it a challenge? One of the toughest!

But we want to give you a gift today with this mantra “Delegate – Imitate – Be Patient”
We are trying to follow it, it’s not easy. But the power of words is mightier than swords… Or so they say!

Photo Cover: T.HEMA by Stefan Feichtinger

Why historical research matters

This is the sixth part of an eight-part interview by Carlo Cavazzuti and appeared in its original Italian version on Narrare di Storia. Let's find out why historical research matters in swordmaking! The work of a swordsmith necessarily involves a lot of historical research. As professionals...

This is the sixth part of an eight-part interview by Carlo Cavazzuti and appeared in its original Italian version on Narrare di Storia. Let’s find out why historical research matters in swordmaking!

The work of a swordsmith necessarily involves a lot of historical research. As professionals we have the duty not to lie.
How many times did you read “historical replica” or “hand-forged sword” or also “faithful reproduction” close to a wannabe Excalibur toy-sword? 

Q17. Yours is a rare job that can have a connection even with those who do not practice fencing. Have you ever dealt with replicas for museums, universities, or the like?

Eleonora: We have never had the opportunity to build replicas for museums as of yet, but we have had the opportunity to collect data from private collections, as well as the Marzoli Museum in Brescia and the Solingen Museum of Blades.

This interview was published in 2020, since then we have had the opportunity to start a project in partnership with KLANG – Spade di leoni ed aquile – Interreg VA Italia – Austria and Comune di Belluno in Italy which has enriched Museo Civico di Palazzo Fulcis with a collection of weapons made by Bellunese swordsmiths, all from Museo Correr in Venice. We are currently working on two wonderful specimens, one schiavonesca and one late XVI century estoc.

Q18. Now let’s move on to sports equipment. What difference is there between forging a weapon for reenactment and one for sport?

Rodolfo: Certainly the thickness and the degree of flexibility.

Dealing with sport, reenactment and blunt replicas is always a great challenge. Every sword belonging to one of these different categories has to follow different parameters of thickness, flexibility and accuracy.

The sport swords, meant for the Historical European Martial Arts practice, need to be flexible and performative, and also to be as minimal as possible from an aesthetic point of view, without sacrificing the general historical flavour.
The reenactment swords, meant for scenic battles and duels, are not our cup of tea, mostly because so many authentic parameters have to be sacrificed for the sake of extreme resilience and durability.
On the other hand, the collectible swords, belonging to the Armeria Collection, are the works we enjoy the most but also the most demanding ones. Being as accurate as possible, finding the right compromises to make an excellent blunt reproduction require an amount of time and efforts that other more “standard” swords don’t need.

Q19. Do you receive more requests for sports weapons than for historical replicas, or vice versa?

Rodolfo: Definitely more for sports weapons.

Q20. Have you ever made weapons for films, theatrical performances or fiction in general?

Rodolfo: No, never, but we would love to.

Q21. What do you think of the swords that are only for display? Yours never are.

Eleonora: They fulfil their purpose!

We always have a large variety of customers who look for different aspects and purposes in their swords. We mainly work with historical fencers, and we never had the opportunity to work for cinema or theatre.
But we made some collectible swords that were for display: they were heat-treated and decorated, but even if they were meant to be exhibited, we always choose to make fully functional reproductions.

Q22. How could you go about making an exact replica of a historical weapon preserved in a museum? You’ve done it before, can you tell us about it? Again, we don’t need the details, but just a few indications to give us an idea.

Eleonora: To make an accurate replica, the best would be to make the tracings of the exact original piece or original pieces of the same type, also because the swords often come to us having undergone some changes or suffered some wear and tear over time. We then proceed with the design, from the tracing to the drawing, until we get to the object we are going to build, which will be the result of compromises, reconstruction by deduction or proportion, choice, and research on the materials to be used.

To understand why historical research matters you have to start with another question: what does historical accuracy mean?
We interpret it by working on the dynamics and the “feeling”. From a design point of view, Eleonora always carries out the research starting with collecting as many models and information as possible of the same type of sword, comparing a large choice of originals and data. She chooses the right aesthetics, designs the piece with a CAD software and gives the general coordinates. Then, the task passes to the smithy, where Rodolfo and the guys analyse the project. the directions and the suggestions left by Eleonora and work out a plan to make it possible, in order to follow the feel and the appearance of the original sword/s which the project is based on. All the skills provided by the team makes the result possible.

Q23. Nowadays, the term “experimental archeology” is in fashion. Do you, though not archaeologists in fact, feel that way?

Rodolfo: Absolutely not! Experimental archeology is, by definition, the reconstruction of the process that leads to the artefact. We don’t use the same procedures, and above all our purpose is not the study and research of the procedure, but the realisation of the result. The study of the procedures is collateral and utilitarian as a means to our end goal.

And here we are! It would be heresy if we’d affirm to follow the ancient techniques to investigate the process. But if we want to stay grounded, because on the contrary our processes wouldn’t be efficient enough, we must be devoted to historical research.
Why does historical research matters then? Because without it a sword would be ugly and clumsy or simply ordinary and repetitive. By distorting or not knowing the principles that regulate the design and the properties of the sword, that sword can remotely recall the original in some way, but it will never have the same attraction, grace or strength as the object that inspired it. Nor the smiths can grow and evolve through time.
We still have to learn a lot, because every art requires repetition, devotion and studying but we’re confident in saying that we’re doing our best to walk in the right direction.

And if you have any suggestion, we are always very keen to listen. Keep up following us for the next episode!

From raw steel to a knight’s blade

This is the fifth part of a eight-part interview by Carlo Cavazzuti and appeared in its original Italian version on Narrare di Storia. From raw steel to a knight's blade, which materials, techniques and tricks does a swordsmith use? Today we dive into the process, and...

This is the fifth part of a eight-part interview by Carlo Cavazzuti and appeared in its original Italian version on Narrare di Storia.

From raw steel to a knight’s blade, which materials, techniques and tricks does a swordsmith use? Today we dive into the process, and we’ll  talk about techniques, curiosities and financials too! 

Q12. A couple of years ago, I asked Rodolfo if he was able to make me an Indian Pata, a sort of gauntlet with the blade of a sword on it. Those who have seen Willow couldn’t forget it. He said no because he’s not an armourer, and I left with my project, which still remains to be completed. Can you explain to the less experienced the difference between blacksmith, swordsmith and armourer? Unfortunately, there are still some legends going around that say that a blacksmith who makes spades and ploughshares can make swords and armour.

Eleonora: Effectively, a good distinction must be made, even if today the only truly surviving craft is that of the blacksmith, in its different forms. The difference simply lies in what, today, we love to call “know-how”: a blacksmith will hardly have the necessary knowledge to make a sword, even if perhaps he has some of the tools that would allow him to try.

In fact, not by chance, at the end of the Middle Ages in Florence, blacksmiths belonged to l’Arte dei Fabbri (the Art of Blacksmiths) while swordsmiths and armourers belonged to l’Arte dei Corazzai e Spadai (the Art of the Armourers and Swordsmiths). Each profession, as well as each subsection of said profession, has specific knowledge and tools, such as, to start with the basics as an example, the hammer. The hammers used by a farrier are certainly not the same as those used by a sword maker and likewise, they differ from those of an armourer.

The great difference among the branches of the trade can also be seen in the present, If you ask a great blacksmith or cutler to make a sword, they could have troubles starting from the design, the proportions and the dynamic properties of the sword as an object.

Q13. Let’s talk about materials. There are many different types of steel, and usually even more alloys. How do you choose the best one for a blade?

Rodolfo: It depends on what performance is required of that sword for use in the modern world. We could write a treatise on a question like this! I could also tell you that by combining multiple steels, you can obtain excellent results.

The fact is that today we’re privileged. We know exactly how much carbon or manganese is present in the steel we choose through a chemical analysis.
We can also choose exactly the composition we like and we know exactly the parameters for the heat-treatment process. Nonetheless, that tiny annoying enthropy we are victim of turns out to influence the result. The steel is not perfect, as the heat-treatment can fail, and sometimes you know it before, sometimes not. It’s the risk of a crafting business like this!

Q14. Many people rave about the steel of Toledo, Salamanca, Solingen, as well as that of Damascus and Japanese steel. Why did they become so important? Is it true that they are exceptional for blades?

Rodolfo: Certain places of production definitely boast a reputation that is well-deserved: let’s not forget that it is not so much the steel itself that is good, but rather those who know how to work it. Specialised craftsmen with knowledge handed down for generations were able to obtain enviable results, even by today’s standards. Generally, I could say that the production centers that also function as centers of cultural relevance had a certain edge. (You didn’t mention Milan, for example, home of the Missaglia Armourers).

It is certainly true they were very important centers of production, as much as their legend still lives today, even if the sword production is not their core for obvious reasons anymore! Also, legends can sometimes be a little blown out of proportion, above all in the present time.

Q15. Are there forging techniques of the past that have been lost or that are no longer replicable?

Rodolfo: ... What is lost cannot be known or replicated; we can come close through the observation of artefacts with a sort of “retro engineering” but often what makes the difference, like in western martial arts of ancient times, is the oral transmission between teacher and apprentice. This oral tradition, having been interrupted, has brought us back to experience things that were probably taken for granted.

When it comes to replicate an artifact you always have to analyse the why and hows. Sometimes the right question, beyond materials, is: how can I replicate that detail to achieve the same effect? What modern technologies do I have at my disposal and what is the best compromise? Can I use a similar technique or have I to keep it more efficient? Because it’s also a matter of efficiency most of the times. We’ll never forge a blade for sport if it’s not strictly requested for some reason, we’ll go with the stock removal process to keep the costs more affordable. Or another example: the gilding technique was made with a risky process by using mercury. Today also safety and health reasons prevent us to use the same technique, so we’ll have to search for an alternative.

Q16. Let’s talk about vile pecunia. The idea that the sword was once a precious object isn’t wrong, in fact, quite the contrary. A sword is an object that, if well-made, had and rightly still has significant costs. Without having to deal with historical numismatics regarding Fiorini, Grossi, Testoni, etc. and sticking to the better known Euro, how much would the sword of a noble lord have cost, provided we can make that comparison?

Eleonora: The comparison is only possible if we know exactly what characteristics the sword has. If we’re talking about a blade of a great gentleman, perhaps to be exhibited, decorated with precious stones, gold and enamel, I believe it could cost as much as a luxurious car; what model of car would depend on the degree of preciousness.

Making swords in the 21st century

This is the fourth episode of a eight-part interview by Carlo Cavazzuti and appeared in its original Italian version on Narrare di Storia. Making swords in the 21st century can be seen as a weird job. In fact, swordsmithing is easily associated with chivarly, duels of...

This is the fourth episode of a eight-part interview by Carlo Cavazzuti and appeared in its original Italian version on Narrare di Storia.

Making swords in the 21st century can be seen as a weird job. In fact, swordsmithing is easily associated with chivarly, duels of honour and war. Why anyone would need swords today?! Because many brave, passionate ones, as we do, still feed the spark, rediscovering and practicing historical european martial arts! But what does it mean to be a swordsmith in the 21st century?

A sword’s soul: a philosophical matter

This is the third episode of a eight-part interview by Carlo Cavazzuti and appeared in its original Italian version on Narrare di Storia. This section of the interview deals with a philosophical matter: A sword's soul! What does this mean? Follow us in this journey through...

This is the third episode of a eight-part interview by Carlo Cavazzuti and appeared in its original Italian version on Narrare di Storia.

This section of the interview deals with a philosophical matter: A sword’s soul! What does this mean? Follow us in this journey through time!

Q5. Many famous swords have names, do you “baptize” all of yours at the anvil with a book of names or do you not give weight to this type of tradition?

Rodolfo: Usually Eleonora is the one to name the swords!

Eleonora: Yes, I’m the one who is obsessed with this. Obviously it depends on the sword, but many custom orders (both for a matter of recognition as well as for marketing), give a name to themselves, almost automatically: I look at them and I don’t even have to think!

In history, many swords were given a name, because our ancestors strongly believed that the act of naming was to define, to give life and purpose to everything. Swords like Roland’s Durendal, or King Arthur’s Excalibur or the well known Joyeuse of the Emperor Charlemagne, just to mention some, did have a soul and were relics charged with power. Also, the advent of Christianity played an important role in the development of the symbolic meanings connected to the sword as an object. As a symbol of justice and equity, as of the Christ’s cross and passion, the sword became the icon of the chivarly’s right and status, so much that this idea survived until today, where we still make swords for fencers and collectors from all over the world.

Relics enough thy golden hilt conceals: / Saint Peter's Tooth, the Blood of Saint Basile, / Some of the Hairs of my Lord, Saint Denise, / Some of the Robe, was worn by Saint Mary. - About Durendal, from La Chanson de Roland

Q6. For me, a sword is a work of art that kills, and in some cases an almost pornographic object (forgive me, collector’s mania). For others, a sword is a piece of sports equipment, and for some, it’s a decoration for the home. For you, who forge them, what is a sword’s function?

Rodolfo: I’d like to make a small specification: the forging component in our established production process is very small. We use the forge for small parts of the sword and only when necessary, otherwise we use manual procedures such as stock removal (removing excess material) to obtain the result efficiently and with the tools available to us. For me, a sword is a functional tool to practice with, even beautiful if need be, as proportions and functionality are directly connected.

Eleonora: For me, it depends on the sword. Is it an original or a sharpened replica? Then it’s a weapon, more or less a piece of art, based on the expertise of its maker. Is it a sword for HEMA? Then it’s a sports tool. Is it a bit of both? It’s possible!

Beside the magical aspect and the legend, how to find the sword’s soul? Through the purpose. Purpose of usage, but also a purpose connected to the human being who owns it. So why do you want a sword? It’s a kind of an ethical question too, even if we don’t make sharp blades. When we work on a design of our own, or conduct a  research to focus on the customer’s needs, we always keep in mind the purpose. This is how a sword should always be crafted, no matter the fancy licenses, the catchy aesthetics or the fine craftmanship. Like a painting with no message, a sword is empty without its true purpose.

Photo Cover: Erica Mottin Ph – Dress & Makeup by Elaine’s Couture

The secrets of a swordsmith

This is the second episode of a eight-part interview by Carlo Cavazzuti and appeared in its original Italian version on Narrare di Storia. Did you miss the first? Go and check it HERE! In this section we will unveil some secrets of a swordsmith: craft or magic? Q3....

This is the second episode of a eight-part interview by Carlo Cavazzuti and appeared in its original Italian version on Narrare di Storia.
Did you miss the first? Go and check it HERE!

In this section we will unveil some secrets of a swordsmith: craft or magic?

Q3. What are the characteristics of a good swordsmith, and what makes a good sword?

Rodolfo: The answer to both questions is resilience and flexibility.

Eleonora: A good swordsmith, in my opinion, must have great humility, a good eye and must be a hard worker. A good sword, rather, must be the result of a series of considerations; without these, it will always be a bad sword, even if it’s aesthetically pleasing.

Swordsmithing is an ancient art, and bringing it back requires research, reverse-engineering and a full understanding of the construction logics.
An extensive data collection from museums and private collections and also comparison with the swordfighting manuals through history are an asset.
Many see swordsmithing as an Art, and it is in many ways, but Art is not the fruit of some genious creating the blades with his talent only.
Talent is nothing without constance and discipline.

You can be as talented as Gods, but if your hands are not guided by a strong, practical and constant mind, your art is pure exercise or a hobby. Beautiful, admirable, but it can't be really profitable in every sense you can intend it.

Q4. In some parts of the world, swordsmiths had a very elevated status, even more so for those who made weaponry; they were considered a cross between craftsman, magician and priest. Do you also feel a little like this?

Rodolfo: We are far from a tribal society, or in any case from a more analogical mindset, where villagers feared the bladesmith; for example, for the fact that he closed the windows of the forge to see the colour of the red-hot metal, it was insinuated that there was something evil there. Although there are parts of the job that require a certain manual skill and ours is actually a very modern context, the spirit with which we reconstruct some pieces in particular still holds some of that magic.

Eleonora: Well, it’s not as if the famous character of the bladesmith helps much! It’s well known that swordsmith families had very particular recipes, for example those for quenching or for enriching iron and making it sharper, that were similar to witchcraft formulas. For me, the magical component is essential: when you see a beautiful sword, there is a certain science which our ancestors would have called magic.

Our payoff has always been “It’s a kind of magic”, a quote to Queen but also to this beautiful process we embrace when we make a sword from rough.
You have certainly heard that Magic is unexplained Science. We like to think that in what we do, the way we do it, these two components melt together.
So our magic formula comes from the thirst of knowledge and devotion to work, in an esoteric balance between Alchemy and Chemistry, Physics and Intuition, Geometry and the instictual proportion of Nature. These are our “Secrets of a Swordsmith”.

Photo Cover: T.HEMA by Stefan Feichtinger

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How to start a smithy and how to learn the skills of the trade

Previously we published the "Interview with the Swordsmith"; but as many of you are curious about us, our work and our skills, we decided to write a cycle of posts to tell you something more, and to share some tips too. This is the first episode...

Previously we published the “Interview with the Swordsmith“; but as many of you are curious about us, our work and our skills, we decided to write a cycle of posts to tell you something more, and to share some tips too.
This is the first episode of a eight-part interview by Carlo Cavazzuti and appeared in its original Italian version on Narrare di Storia.
We added a brief, more in depth comment about the topic.

In this section we will tell how to start a smithy, or swordsmith workshop and how we had to learn the skills of the trade.

Q1. I know you both from before you opened the smithy, so I know how you ended up here, but maybe our readers would like to know how someone ends up starting their own sword-making business. Can you tell us a bit about it? Why swords, in particular?

Rodolfo: First of all, thank you Carlo for inviting us to chat! While I was studying Medicine in Florence in the early 2000s, I was already spending time in the historical reenactment world . At the same time I ended up, like many, studying medieval fencing. I was initially eager, but not especially well-informed, and fencing had grabbed me for a number of reasons; the practicing tools, cold weaponry, had put a spell on me that I just couldn’t shake off, so much so that I wanted to deepen my knowledge of its construction methodologies and pursue it as a job.

Eleonora: I come from the world of Visual Arts. I graduated from the Fine Art Academy in Bologna and, at the same time, I dedicated 15 years of my life to singing, turning towards Belcanto in the second part of my studies. At the Academy, I moved towards photography and design, then going on to complete a year-long course in Interior Design after graduation. In 2011, I began to move towards historical fencing; I was always a bit of a lazybones and I wanted to take up a sport that intellectually stimulated me as well. Along this road, I crossed paths with Rodolfo (or as Maestro Fiore would say, we “crossed swords”). So, I decided to change course and from the singing on stage, I ended up in the smithy, or rather, I put my design experience to good use.

So, we had two very different backgrounds. No Business Schools, no business experiences on our shoulders.
How was it possible?
A little startup capital – it was little and we struggled because of it -, the right mindset and the willing to improve, starting from learning how to properly run a business, studying and redesigning its structure through time, along with the essential skills to build a high-quality product. In our case, also building a proper database to develop the various models, both catalogue items and custom works, was useful. And last but not the least: choosing the right colleagues to work with.

I learned from two great teachers called Trial and Error

Q2. I don’t think there is a school for swordsmiths (if there is, please do correct me and tell us where it is), so having someone who can teach in the workshop must be important. Were you ever a student to a swordsmith? Do you have any students of your own to teach the trade to?

Eleonora: Technically there are some courses every now and again, run by great swordsmiths like Peter Johnsson and Owen Bush. The secret to learning how to forge, however, is to be in the workshop with those who still hold and practice the artistic heritage of wrought iron and from there, develop a series of “tools” that lend themselves to the art of swordmaking. These “tools” come from the observation and study of original findings.

Rodolfo: Eleonora has just revealed the big secret! Still, it took me years to understand this triviality: in fact, I went to the workshop of a craftsman who dabbled in building replicas of weaponry, but 90% of what I know today I learned from two great teachers called Trial and Error. I don’t really have students, mainly because to have students I would need to be a teacher, and I don’t feel like one at all. I have apprentices, though, who work with me and share this dream.

You can learn whatever you want. It’s only a matter of determination and connecting the dots, by applying the principles of art. Discipline, measure – as for swordmanship – learning from your  errors: never be too sentimental towards your works. Not because they’re bad, but because they can be better. There’s always something to file, to refine, to achieve the next level. As the Mandalorian would say it: This is the Way! Or at least, this is ours.

2nd Episode 〉〉

Interview with the swordsmith

We're back on the blog! Would you like to know about us a little more? This is certainly not an autobiography, but a full interview about our work and obviously our approach to swordsmithing! After some time, we are ready to share our thoughts and philosophy....

We’re back on the blog! Would you like to know about us a little more? This is certainly not an autobiography, but a full interview about our work and obviously our approach to swordsmithing!

After some time, we are ready to share our thoughts and philosophy. Swordsmithing today is a very varied profession, but today like yesterday every swordsmith has his/her own secrets and processes to achieve the ultimate goal:

make the best sword ever!

Some time ago, we were glad to be interviewed by Hema in Italia, an indipendent project aiming to spread the historical european martial arts culture of Italy.
Why Volume 1? Because we’ll share another interesting interview in the next months, but now:

Let’s start this journey! Have a nice reading.

Interview with the swordsmith – hosting Malleus Martialis

Hello, welcome! Who are you and what do you do?

How did your career in creating medieval weapons and/or armour begin?

What are the greatest difficulties in making a sword?

In the world of historical fencing and re-enactment, what are the requests of your customers?

When it comes to the historical reconstruction of swords, what’s the difference in the making of a historical replica, and a sword made for historical fencing?

Outside of the requests of your customers, what would you like to make?

How do you see the future of historical fencing and re-enactment?

Let’s talk about funnier topics: what was, in the span of your career, the strangest request you’ve ever received?

…And what was the best request you’ve ever received?

Now, a bit of advertisement, why should we buy your products?

Conclusion

You did it!